Lai Zhenyuan: I didn't work for nothing.
Lai Zhenyuan created a private architectural Kingdom and wrote a myth of a mason going to the chairman of a listed company. Since China's reform and opening up, he is the first generation of construction entrepreneurs coming out of the Xiangshan Peninsula on the coast of the East China Sea. He built Longyuan Construction Group with wisdom, grace and vision. In the powerful Shanghai construction market, deduced their wonderful life. Over the past Three0 years, the quality perseverance, the entrepreneurship and Thanksgiving society have made Longyuan develop from a grass-roots enterprise to a Chinese private enterprise undertaking construction business with a breakthrough of One00 billion yuan. Looking back on the history of Longyuan's entrepreneurship, from building Shanghai to laying out the whole country, from domestic expansion to international expansion, from entrepreneurship development to transformation and upgrading, has always been in resonance with national development.
Oral: Lai Zhenyuan, Chairman of Longyuan Construction Group
Tidy up: Reporter & nbsp; Xue Zhiyi
One
One98Three年OneOne月Two8日，我?guī)е着と撕蚑hree000元現(xiàn)金，從象山坐車到寧波一整天，再從寧波港坐上海輪，經(jīng)過一整夜的搖擺，到達(dá)上海外灘的十六鋪碼頭，從此開始了從事建筑領(lǐng)域的生涯。彈指一揮間，到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有Three5個(gè)年頭了?；貞涍@些年，我最感慨的一句話就是：我沒有白辛苦。
在此之前，我One6歲時(shí)我就開始帶著泥水工具，在工程隊(duì)干活。一次，由于活干得太急，不小心把自己的右手干傷筋了。為了不歇工，我日夜苦練左手功夫，在很短的時(shí)間里就練出了一手絕活。后來，象山縣第二建筑工程公司成立，我被任命為副經(jīng)理。
One98Three年，國家重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目上海寶山鋼鐵廠開工建設(shè)，但在施工防滲墻時(shí)遇到了難題。恰好負(fù)責(zé)施工的工程處長是寧波人，他知道象山建筑隊(duì)在施工One4Two5國防工程時(shí)，解決過類似的難題，于是找到象山縣政府，要求派工程隊(duì)馳援。于是，縣政府找到象山二建，專批Three00名進(jìn)滬勞務(wù)指標(biāo)，要求我?guī)ш?duì)去寶鋼幫助施工。我制定了詳盡周密的施工方案，大膽地提出了用當(dāng)?shù)亻L江泥替代景德鎮(zhèn)黏土筑壩的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，以保證工期的順利完成。我們頂著寒風(fēng)，站在齊腰深的江水中打樁。潮起就爬上岸去，潮退再下到水里繼續(xù)打，不但提前7個(gè)月完成了施工，還節(jié)約了資金90萬元，受到了上海寶鋼工程指揮部的高度贊揚(yáng)。用長江泥替代景德鎮(zhèn)黏土構(gòu)筑防滲墻的新工藝，經(jīng)專家鑒定，質(zhì)量完全符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。這項(xiàng)工程后來獲得了“One986年度國家質(zhì)量獎(jiǎng)金質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)”。
I want to stay in Shanghai and continue the project. The competent authorities have agreed to set up a second Shanghai office in Xiangshan. Our office was originally set up in an abandoned pig shed in Wujiaochang's political and legislative road. We cleaned it as an office and dormitory. More than a dozen people crowded together, with muddy ground under their feet, felt on their heads, high and low beds sleeping, and pickle soup drinking. At that time, we never thought that we would start from this hog shed and make a big world in Shanghai.
At that time, Shanghai had a strong shadow of planned economy, and it was difficult for outsiders to enter the Shanghai market. His leg broke, his throat was mute, and his business was not even in shadow. Some people began to withdraw. I thought about taking the "countryman" route and mobilizing everyone to ask if anyone of my relatives, friends, three aunts and six mothers-in-law was working as a nanny in Shanghai. This is a very effective tactic, and I got a very important message: a head of Infrastructure Department of a Shanghai electromechanical plant, who once served as a soldier in Xiangshan, was just ready for office building renovation and second workshop renovation. I immediately contacted the nurses to visit, relying on my years of construction experience and drawing, design, calculation and other skills, made some optimization proposals on the drawings, which won the approval of the factory, and in a few days decided to give this project to us to organize the construction.
這是龍?jiān)〞r(shí)稱象山二建上海辦事處）在上海承接的第一項(xiàng)自主業(yè)務(wù)。時(shí)間是One984年6月。
Two
盡管上海革新電機(jī)總廠的項(xiàng)目很小，卻使我們信心大增。為了節(jié)省交通費(fèi)，我花Two0塊錢買了一輛舊的Two8吋永久牌自行車，“除了鈴不響，隨便哪都響”，用這輛破自行車，幾乎跑遍了上海的大街小巷。這輛破自行車在龍?jiān)膭?chuàng)業(yè)史上功不可沒！我打聽到位于楊浦區(qū)的上海第二教育學(xué)院要建造理化樓，于是三天兩頭往那里跑，不厭其煩地找相關(guān)人員溝通，用誠心打動(dòng)了負(fù)責(zé)基建的人，同意給我一個(gè)投標(biāo)名額。
After getting the bid quota, I studied the drawing day and night, worked out the plan and calculated the cost. Finally, I won the construction of the project with the cost of 860,000 yuan, which was contracted by Longyuan (then called the Shanghai Office of the Second Construction of Xiangshan). The winning bid became a landmark project in the development history of Longyuan. Just one day before the opening of the bid, my father was in critical condition. I want to wait until the opening of the bid before returning home. However, when the news of winning the bid came, my father had closed his eyes forever, and did not see his last side. This is the pain in my heart forever!
One985年，上海市建設(shè)主管部門開展建筑市場質(zhì)量巡查，第二教育學(xué)院項(xiàng)目也被列入檢查范圍。別人碰到檢查怕得要命，想逃都來不及，可我聽到后卻興奮異常。因?yàn)槲矣X得這是一個(gè)正好向上海市行業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和專家證明自己、證明龍?jiān)臋C(jī)會(huì)。于是，在檢查組蒞臨的那天，我特地派人連夜從老家象山漁港采購回來一些上等海鮮到工地，準(zhǔn)備檢查完后請領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和專家好好品嘗一下自己家鄉(xiāng)的美味。但是，當(dāng)檢查組檢查到一處頂部柱梁時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)類似紅磚的斑塊，進(jìn)而懷疑柱梁里面沒有鋼筋，或者偷工減料，并當(dāng)面對我提出了嚴(yán)厲的批評，“海鮮大餐”也無疾而終了。
檢查組走了以后，我親自掄起One8磅大榔頭把柱梁砸開，以找出質(zhì)量問題，追究施工責(zé)任。盡管柱梁鑿開后證明里面是有鋼筋的，而且絕對沒有偷工減料，只是有一塊小紅磚混進(jìn)混凝土里了。但是，這件事情還是給我很大的刺激。如果我們連這么一點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)都把握不好，那么我們的施工質(zhì)量如何保證？以后我們在上海又如何立足？
Later, when Longyuan's reputation in Shanghai's construction market was boosted by "quality", Comrade Lai Zhenyuan, who was the head of the inspection team at that time, said about this matter. I am very sorry to say that he failed to live up to the "seafood feast" I had prepared with great care. I said that if you had not been ruthless, there would have been no Longyuan's "quality industry". Today.
進(jìn)滬Three0多年來，龍?jiān)獞{借其靠硬的工程質(zhì)量，榮獲“魯班獎(jiǎng)”、“國優(yōu)獎(jiǎng)”、“詹天佑獎(jiǎng)”、“白玉蘭獎(jiǎng)”等省部級(jí)以上優(yōu)質(zhì)工程獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)800多項(xiàng)，榮獲各項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)One000多次，Three0年奪得浙江在滬施工企業(yè)先進(jìn)單位第一名，連續(xù)One7年名列上海市建筑企業(yè)進(jìn)滬施工企業(yè)綜合實(shí)力第一名。
One99One年Three月，浙江省副省長柴松岳在浙江省城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)廳廳長魏廉陪同下，來到龍?jiān)薪ǖ纳虾ｄ摻z廠吳淞分廠，看到幾乎可以用“精美”來形容的項(xiàng)目時(shí)，激動(dòng)地對陪同考察的魏廉廳長說：“這是我們浙江建筑業(yè)的榜樣！從今天起，我們浙江的建筑企業(yè)不用去外面學(xué)習(xí)了，一律到這里來觀摩、學(xué)習(xí)?！?/span>
Three
業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大，呈井噴似增長，一下子十幾個(gè)工程同時(shí)開工，但許多項(xiàng)目不贏反虧。怎么辦？我把這些象山的施工隊(duì)伍整編成五個(gè)工程隊(duì)。隨著我“質(zhì)量興業(yè)”的品牌打響，業(yè)務(wù)來源基本不成問題了。我從One988年開始與下屬工程隊(duì)試行一種分塊包干的內(nèi)部承包模式，通過三年的實(shí)踐，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益并不理想。
我發(fā)現(xiàn)造成項(xiàng)目管理者責(zé)任心缺失的根本癥結(jié)，就在于現(xiàn)有管理模式“責(zé)權(quán)利”的不均衡。我選擇了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目作為試點(diǎn)，從One989年嘗試一竿子到底的“項(xiàng)目承包經(jīng)營責(zé)任制”，“責(zé)權(quán)利”全部下放，效果出奇地好，不但經(jīng)濟(jì)效益馬上扭虧為盈，而且工程質(zhì)量也有很大的提高。我決定全面推行這種模式。幾位管理骨干和工地主任一聽表示反對，認(rèn)為這樣做“瓜分”了我們的勝利成果。我說，鈔票要大家一起賺，這樣大家的心才能真正地聚到一起。這一年是One99One年One月。
到One995年，龍?jiān)臉I(yè)務(wù)承接從實(shí)行“項(xiàng)目管理責(zé)任制”前的不足One億元，一下子躍升到突破One0億元，連年奪得上海優(yōu)質(zhì)工程“白玉蘭獎(jiǎng)”，及進(jìn)滬施工企業(yè)綜合考評一二名，一時(shí)成為上海及浙江建筑同行仿效的對象，上門學(xué)習(xí)取經(jīng)者絡(luò)繹不絕。
One998年Three月，我們的企業(yè)正式更名為“龍?jiān)ㄔO(shè)集團(tuán)股份有限公司”，后來還拿到了一個(gè)上市名額，但我如果內(nèi)功沒練好，沒有按上市的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)把企業(yè)內(nèi)部的管理抓上去，這是不負(fù)責(zé)的做法。我婉言謝絕了上市的名額，在集團(tuán)內(nèi)部展開了以上市為主要目標(biāo)的企業(yè)管理整頓。
Two004年，在進(jìn)入上海建筑市場Two0周年之際，龍?jiān)八南才R門”：
年初，中標(biāo)當(dāng)時(shí)世界第一高樓（49Two米）的上海環(huán)球金融中心地基工程。Two月，施工總承包資質(zhì)升為特級(jí)。4月，首發(fā)人民幣普通股A股Two800萬股，并于5月Two4日在上海證券交易所掛牌上市，成功登陸資本市場。年底，龍?jiān)瘓F(tuán)連續(xù)6年獲得進(jìn)滬施工企業(yè)綜合實(shí)力考評第一名。
在發(fā)展中，我們也走過彎路。我們也曾經(jīng)出了Three000萬投資過一個(gè)房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目，但由于種種原因，不得不叫停。我之所以虧本也要叫停房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目，要想到了企業(yè)的“核心競爭力”，必定來自于自己最擅長、最專業(yè)的行當(dāng)。而穩(wěn)健發(fā)展，就是要確保企業(yè)在市場競爭中的抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力。企業(yè)就像一個(gè)千鈞重的鐵球，你別看它現(xiàn)在很好、很平穩(wěn)，那是因?yàn)槲覀儭耙粯I(yè)為主”的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和經(jīng)營模式等，給它提供了一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的平臺(tái)，所以大家都能扶住它，也不用花很大的力氣。如果這個(gè)平臺(tái)因?yàn)槲覀兊慕?jīng)營策略不當(dāng)，或者我們的決策失誤而發(fā)生傾斜時(shí)，你就是動(dòng)用千軍萬馬也無法阻止這個(gè)千鈞鐵球的下滑，我們就會(huì)前功盡棄。此后，我確定“一業(yè)為主，做強(qiáng)做大”的企業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，“走小步，不停步”。
“質(zhì)量興業(yè)”讓龍?jiān)谏虾┊愜娡黄穑柏?zé)任承包”讓龍?jiān)氖袌龈偁幜Υ笤?，“股票上市”、“進(jìn)軍PPP”又讓龍?jiān)缁⑻硪戆愕蒯绕?，如何讓龍?jiān)凇鞍俪吒皖^更進(jìn)一步”，形成自己的核心競爭力呢？我想到了創(chuàng)建“龍?jiān)?，我要重新喚起全體龍?jiān)说膭?chuàng)業(yè)激情。像我們當(dāng)初勇闖上海灘一樣，再來一次“質(zhì)量興業(yè)”。有質(zhì)量就會(huì)有市場，全國每年的建筑產(chǎn)值接近Two0萬億，而且每年都在增長而不是下降。我們龍?jiān)磕甑氖┕ぎa(chǎn)值才幾百個(gè)億，相當(dāng)于全國產(chǎn)值的幾千分之一，所以不是中國建筑市場的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢好不好的問題，而是我們有沒有本事和能力去分得一塊蛋糕的問題。
【手記】
走進(jìn)龍?jiān)瘓F(tuán)在上海的辦公大樓，最先映入眼簾的是一排排閃光的獎(jiǎng)牌和一組組璀璨的獎(jiǎng)杯，它們默然無聲，卻響亮地宣告著龍?jiān)诮ㄖ袌錾献哌^的輝煌道路。見我們走進(jìn)辦公室，賴振元先生忙站起來和記者握手。他的精神很好，對記者的提問是有問必答，思路清晰。他也詢問著寧波的一些情況，他的象山普通話里，有著一份對家鄉(xiāng)的濃濃的眷戀和牽掛。賴振元用質(zhì)量描繪了他精彩的建筑人生。他的辦公室墻上，有“用心服務(wù)”幾個(gè)字，是他親筆撰寫的。
改革開放釋放了民間的活力、生產(chǎn)力、釋放了人們的創(chuàng)造力。賴振元曾說：“企業(yè)家都是野生的”，“一分鐘理論”“鐵球理論”、“用心服務(wù)”等觀點(diǎn)和過“項(xiàng)目承包制”“早餐會(huì)”等做法，都是他“野生”出來的。野生的有時(shí)生命力更強(qiáng)，也更有活力。今天回過頭來看龍?jiān)倪@段發(fā)展史，賴振元當(dāng)初高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚地把龍?jiān)獛肷虾Ｊ袌?，是決定龍?jiān)瘘c(diǎn)的一個(gè)里程碑似的舉措，而創(chuàng)造性地首推“項(xiàng)目承包經(jīng)營責(zé)任制”，更是決定龍?jiān)绾纬砷L壯大的又一個(gè)里程碑似的創(chuàng)舉。龍?jiān)杂薪裉斓妮x煌，離不開時(shí)代的賜予，也和企業(yè)家的開拓、創(chuàng)新精神分不開的。
（原文刊載于《東南商報(bào)》）
